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SUBSET OF

This function returns TRUE if the items in a collection are all present in another collection.

Syntax

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UNIQUE


The UNIQUE function filters duplicate items from a collection. An expression resulting in a collection, never contains duplicate values. A subexpression with the COLLECT statement however, can contain duplicates. See the note on collections and duplicates for more info.


Syntax

Code Block
 UNIQUE ( collection )


Input
  • collection - A collection of attribute or entity instances.


Return type

  • collection


Examples

Suppose the following model.


Person instancePerson.name
Person_1“Kim”
Person_2“Rick”
Person_3“Bob”
Person_4“Rick”
ExpressionResultTypeNote
COLLECT Person.name FROM ALL Person[ "Kim" , "Rick" , "Bob" ]String (multivalued)A result never contains duplicate values
SIZE ( COLLECT Person.name FROM ALL Person )4IntegerA subexpression can contain duplicate values
SIZE ( UNIQUE ( COLLECT Person.name FROM ALL Person ) )3IntegerThe collection holds three unique values



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Code Block
 collection1 SUBSET OF collection2
Inputs
  • collection1 - The collection that is tested to be a subset of the second collection.
  • collection2 - The collection that is tested to hold all the items in the first collection.

Return type

  • Boolean

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Examples

ExpressionResultTypeNote( 'a' , 'b' , 'c' ) SUBSET OF ( 'a' , 'b' , 'c' , 'd' )TRUEBoolean( 'a' , 'b' , 'c' , 'd' ) SUBSET OF ( 'a' , 'b' , 'c' )FALSEBooleanPerson.hobbies SUBSET OF [ "Tennis" , "Soccer" , "Music" ]
Given Person.hobbies = [ "Tennis" , "Soccer" ]TRUEBooleanPerson.hobbies SUBSET OF [ "Tennis" , "Soccer" , "Music" ]
Given Person.hobbies = [ ? ]?BooleanPerson.hobbies SUBSET OF [ "Tennis" , "Soccer" , ? ]
Given Person.hobbies = [ "Tennis" , "Soccer" ]FALSEBoolean[ "Tennis" , "Soccer" , ? ] evaluates to [ ? ]
Person.hobbies SUBSET OF [ ? ] = FALSE( 'a' , 'b' , 'c' ) SUBSET OF ( [ 'a' , 'b' , 'c' , 'd' ] )Error

1 SUBSET OF Address.Numbers

Given Adress.Numbers = ?

FALSEBoolean
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Values between single quotes are considered value list items. For backwards compatibility reasons, a comma separated sequence of value list items is treated as a collection. That's why there is no need to enclose the values between square brackets. In fact if you do add the square brackets you create a matrix rather than a list.

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UNION

Adds two collections of the same base type to a new collection.

Syntax

Code Block
 UNION ( collection1 , collection2 )
Inputs
  • collection1 - First collection to be added to the new collection.
  • collection2 - Second collection to be added to the new collection.

Return type

  • collection

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Examples

Suppose you have a Parent and a Child entity, where Parent has a multivalued relation with Child via the relation Parent.has_Children. With this model the following instances are created:

Parent instanceChild instanceChild.nameChild.hobbiesParent_1Child_1“Kim”“Reading”, “Dancing”Parent_1Child_2“Rick”“Tennis”, “Dancing”Parent_1Child_3“Bob”“Painting”, “Basketball”, “Reading”Parent_2Child_4“Mary”“Football”ExpressionResultTypeUNION ( Parent[Parent_1].has_Children ,
Parent[Parent_2].Has_Children )[ Child_1, Child_2 , Child_3, Child_4 ]Collection of Child instancesUNION ( Parent[Parent_1].has_Children.name ,
Parent[Parent_2].Has_Children.name )[ “Kim”, “Rick”, “Bob”, “Mary” ]String (multivalued)UNION ( Child[Child_2].hobbies , "Reading" )[ “Tennis”, “Dancing”, “Reading” ]String (multivalued)UNION ( Child[Child_1].hobbies , Child[Child_2].hobbies )[ “Reading”, “Dancing”, “Tennis” ]String (multivalued)UNION( ?, [1, 2] )UNKNOWNInteger (multivalued)

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INTERSECTION

This function determines the intersection of two collections. It returns a collection containing the items that are present in both specified collections.

Syntax

Code Block
INTERSECTION ( collection1 , collection2 )
Inputs
  • collection1, collection2 - Collections to be intersected. These collections must be of the same base type.

Return type

  • collection

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Examples

Suppose the following model. Entity Teacher has a multivalued relation with entity Child via the relation Teacher.teaches_Children.

Teacher instanceChild instanceChild.nameChild.hobbiesTeacher_1Child_1“Kim”“Reading”, “Dancing”Teacher_1Child_2“Rick”“Tennis”, “Dancing”Teacher_1Child_3“Bob”“Painting”, “Basketball”, “Reading”Teacher_2Child_1“Kim”“Reading”, “Dancing”Teacher_2Child_3“Bob”“Painting”, “Basketball”, “Reading”Teacher_2Child_4“Mary”“Football”ExpressionResultTypeINTERSECTION ( Teacher[Teacher_1].teaches_Children , Teacher[Teacher_2].teaches_Children )[ Child_1 , Child_3 ]Collection of Child instancesINTERSECTION ( Teacher[Teacher_1].teaches_Children.name , Teacher[Teacher_2].teaches_Children.name )[ "Kim" , "Bob" ]String (multivalued)INTERSECTION ( Child[Child_1].hobbies , Child[Child_3].hobbies )[ "Reading" ]String (multivalued)INTERSECTION ( Child[Child_2].hobbies , Child[Child_3].hobbies )[ ]String (multivalued)INTERSECTION( ?, [ 1, 2 ] )UNKNOWNInteger (multivalued)

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DIFFERENCE

This function returns a collection containing all the items from collection1 that are not present in collection2.

Syntax

Code Block
DIFFERENCE ( collection1 , collection2 )

...

  • collection1, collection2 - Collections to be compared. These collections must be of the same base type.

Return type

  • collection

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Examples

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SYMMETRIC_DIFFERENCE

This function determines the symmetric difference between two collections. It returns a collection with the elements of the provided collections which are in either one of the collections, but not in both.

Syntax

Code Block
SYMMETRIC_DIFFERENCE ( collection1 , collection2 )

...

  • collection1, collection2 - Collections to be compared. These collections must be of the same base type.

Return type

  • collection

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A note on collections and duplicates

An expression resulting in a collection does not contain duplicates. Please be aware however, that intermediary results of a COLLECT statement can contain duplicates. You have to be aware of this when using the SIZE or UNPACK function, or when using TSL.

This is best illustrated with the following examples.

...

 TSL:

The ages present are: [[[ COLLECT Person.Age FROM ALL Person ]]].

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Now an example with the UNPACK function. We leave out the first instance from the previous example.

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 Only the intermediary results of a COLLECT statement can contain duplicates. The functions UNIQUE, UNION, INTERSECTION, DIFFERENCE and SYMMETRIC_DIFFERENCE always return collections without duplicates.

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